Bridge Incident Registry
Incident case

Ronin Bridge validator-key compromise

In March 2022, Ronin Bridge was exploited after validator keys were compromised, leading to one of the largest reported bridge losses in crypto history. The incident later became a reference case for bridge validator and cross-chain security risk.

reviewedcurrent

Incident facts

Incident title
Ronin Bridge validator-key compromise
Bridge
Ronin Bridge
Incident date
2022-03-29
Incident type
Exploit
Major incident
Yes
Affected chains
Ronin, Ethereum
Affected assets
ETH, USDC
Attack category
Validator Key Compromise
Reported loss
$620 million
Recovery
Partial Recovery
Reimbursement
Completed
Restart
Reopened
Current outcome
Active After Incident
Resolution
Final outcome known
Last reviewed
2026-07-28
Last verified
2026-07-28

Timeline events

  • Ronin Bridge exploit disclosed2022-03-29

    The Ronin Bridge incident became public after a large unauthorized withdrawal involving ETH and USDC was identified.

    Exploit DisclosedHigh

  • Attribution to Lazarus-linked activity reported2022-04-14

    Public reporting and government context associated the Ronin incident with North Korea-linked Lazarus activity.

    Attribution ReportedHigh

  • Ronin users made whole and bridge liabilities reimbursed2022-06-28

    Sky Mavis reported that the remaining bridge liabilities were fully reimbursed, user-backed wETH and USDC were restored 1:1, and affected users were made whole.

    Reimbursement CompletedHigh

  • Ronin Bridge reopened after audits and recapitalization2022-06-28

    Ronin reported that the rebuilt bridge was open for deposits and withdrawals after internal and external audits and full backing of user balances.

    Bridge ReopenedHigh

Evidence records

Known unknowns